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The Bible's examination of the relationship between faith and reason (Heb. 11:1–3) Phoenix February 21, 2014 Introduction How do faith and reason relate to one another? As Christians we often experience that reason positions itself against faith—and faith against reason. We very often experience the affects of reason quite negatively. We know however that in everyday life, at home, at school, in studies, and in work the use of reason is not only permitted but unavoidable. We need good sense or as it's called in Finland common sense or horse sense. How do faith and reason relate to one another? We will approach this problem from the perspective of the entity of faith. We ask: What is living Christian faith? How does faith function and operate? 1. Regarding the Entity of Faith The Letter to the Hebrews defines faith: Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. (Heb. 11:1) Two issues belong to the entity of faith: Faith hopes and faith sees. A Christian's hope is based on the promises given by God's Word. Faith points forward. Hope carries from this life to eternal life. We have strength to continue in the tribulations of the times when the hope of everlasting life lives in our faith. This hope possesses the gift of eternal life already here and now and carries us over tribulations in this life. A child's faith operates in hope. For example, when Christmas was still far ahead, small children lived in anticipation of Christmas. They believed that Christmas would come. They lived in hope. They lived the reality of Christmas beforehand. This hope gave their life light through the entire dark fall. A Christian lives in anticipation of eternal Christmas—in faith and hope. Faith is a hope that is aimed at the invisible world. Faith is convinced that the invisible world is real, for faith "sees the invisible," as Hebrews says (11:27). The eye of faith reaches beyond the time of this sad world and sees the joy of heaven. For this reason hope, which possesses eternal life as a most precious treasure already here and now, is kindled in the heart. This hope gives strength to move past the difficult issues of this life. According to Hebrews, we have hope "as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into that within the veil; Whither the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus" (Heb. 6:19, 20). When we have been anchored in faith and hope in the promises of God's Word, we have already been attached to the shore of salvation. We will not drift off course with the currents of the time (Heb. 2:1). 2. Faith Helps Us to Understand "Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear" (Heb. 11:3). Hebrews opens the relationship between faith and reason: "Through faith we understand." [With the help of faith we understand.] Reason is not the antithesis (or opposite) of faith. Reason [here] is an adjective that describes faith. Faith is the main word. One of faith's attributes is understanding. Faith helps to understand matters of the visible world. Faith understands that "things which are seen were not made of things which do appear." Reason has use in the visible world, that is, in the matters of temporal life. 3. Reason in the Service of Faith Faith belongs to a Christian's relationship with God, reason to the relationship with neighbors. Faith is God's gift for the purpose of owning the message of salvation and serving of God. Reason is God's gift for the purpose of serving our neighbor and the management of our earthly vocation (tending to our earthly vocation). Paul urges: "Present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service" (Rom. 12:1). The question here is of man's response, "sacrifice" and reaction to (reaction) God's sacrifice and act (actio) of salvation. Work in everyday life is the vocation that God has given us to "dress and keep" the earth (Gen. 2:15). It is a part of our life's task here in this time. Our duty is to serve our neighbors, beginning at home, with mother and father's duties, children's duties at home and school, youth's duties to study and prepare for work life and establishment of their own families. Our life's mission is not self-fulfillment but rather fulfillment of God's will. God has created us in His own image for this purpose. Every person, in whom is God's image, is our neighbor,. Our life's duty, our work and career, is serving God in people whom He has created in His own image. In the original language of the Bible (Gk. logiké) Paul calls this "daily worship," a "reasonable service." This service of God is "reasonable" (logiké) in the sense that its grace gift is "reason" (lógos). A Christian person's reason does not exclude the gift of faith in everyday service of God. On the contrary, reason is God's great gift for the serving of neighbors and doing work as well as possible. Faith and reason can function in parallel and complement one another. Reason must be subordinate and obedient to faith, according to Hebrews: "Through faith we understand" (Heb. 11:3). 4. The Conflict of Reason and Faith In Paradise Adam and Eve encountered a conflict between faith and reason: God had forbidden them to eat of but one tree! Everything went well until the devil came in the form of a clever serpent and called God's Word into question: " Yea, hath God said…?" God's Adversary appealed to reason and showed that there was no sense in the prohibition. It was a great secret of faith, a mystery (mystérion < myoo "close eyes, lock, seal"), which men initially honored because they believed God's Word. But God's Adversary enticed them to open this mystery of faith. He appeared in the form of a serpent or the form of reason. At first, Eve with her answer corrected the false information of God's enemy and staved off the doubts of her own reason. But the serpent continued the discussion when it had gotten to talk with man, whom God had created for His own conversation companion. The series of falls began from precisely this, that man consented to converse with God's Adversary. Man began to listen to the voice of reason and abandon the discussion with God, which was based on faith. The devil gained man for his conversation companion with rational reasons. He put himself in God's place, interpreted God's Word and promised: "In the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing [all, both] good and evil" (Gen. 3:5). The devil produced a conflict between faith and reason. He subtly enticed woman to defuse this tension with the fruit of the forbidden tree, which "would give understanding" (Gen. 3:6). Reason overcame faith. Sensory pleasure sped up the fall for: "the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes" (Gen. 3:6). Reason and sensory pleasure won. They stepped ahead of obedient faith. 5. Faith Overcomes Reason 5.1 Abraham's example Abraham is the most important in Hebrew's description of examples of faith. In Ur of the Chaldees, on the banks of the Euphrates, Abraham heard God's Word: "Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto a land that I will shew thee" (Gen. 12:1). Abraham was over 70 years old when he departed. Was it very reasonable? Abraham nonetheless left with his wife Sarah, his nephew Lot, tens of servants, and hundreds of animals. Hebrews explains Abraham's departure: "By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out, not knowing whither he went" (Heb. 11:8). Abraham's faith was the conviction "of things not seen" (Heb. 11:1). As God had promised, Abraham and Sarah received a son even though they were already very old. But then an incomprehensible trial occurred. God commanded him to sacrifice his son Isaac as a burnt offering on Mount Moriah. How was this possible? How could the same God who had given them a son, require them to sacrifice the son? How could God act in such a contrary fashion? And so contrary to reason? How did Abraham proceed? Hebrews relates: "By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac." Hebrews explains: By faith Abraham reckoned "that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from whence also he received him in a figure" (Heb. 11:19). Abraham was ready to sacrifice his son when he placed Isaac upon the firewood and drew the knife. It was absolutely inhuman and unreasonable. But Abraham trusted in God. Blindly. In his blindness however he saw with the eyes of faith. In faith Abraham reckoned (logisámenos) on the basis of God's promise that he was to receive Isaac again in the resurrection of the dead. Faith helped Abraham to understand, to surpass human understanding (Heb. 11:3). 5.2 Moses' Example As a child Moses grew up in the palaces of Egypt. He became the adopted son of the king's daughter. He was schooled "in all the wisdom of the Egyptians" (Acts 7:22). Moses had the opportunity to inherit a king's power. Egypt was a super power at the time. Moses had a possibility of becoming the world's mightiest ruler. What an opportunity! How did Moses use this opportunity? Because Moses believed in God when he came of age he refused to present himself as the son of Pharaoh's daughter. He chose rather to suffer affliction with the children of God than to enjoy the pleasure of sin for a season (Heb. 11:25). Moses esteemed the reproach of Christ greater riches than all the treasures of Egypt because he fixed his gaze upon the coming reward (Heb. 11:23–26). Faith is seeing that which is not seen (Heb. 11:1). 5.3 The Virgin Mary's Example The angel Gabriel appeared to Mary. The angel's words perplexed Mary. Mary contemplated and thought, considered and pondered what the angel's salutation might mean (Luke. 1:29). The verb "ponder," which pictures Mary's reaction (dialogidsomai) comes from the Greek word logia, which means "logic/understanding/deliberation." Mary believed and tried to understand the angel's proclamation or the meaning of God's Word with the help of faith. Mary did not understand with reason, but with the help of faith she understood. Mary did not place the angel's proclamation in question on account of rational reasons. Mary's understanding opened when she in faith pondered the angel's message and asked and sought its meaning and explanation. On Christmas night the shepherd's came from the fields of Bethlehem to the manger. They related everything that the angels had told them about this child. "And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds. But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart." Mary also believed the message of the despised shepherds because therein was God's revelation and God's Word. In Paradise, Eve and Adam listened to the devil and the voice of reason and fell into doubts and then fell into mortal sin. In Nazareth, the Virgin Mary heard the angel's message, believed, was content with her lot, and consented to her calling: "Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word" (Luke 1:38.) Mary believed. She did not wish to know everything or rise to God's level. She was content with the lot of the Lord's handmaid. Mary, a young virgin and the mother of Jesus, left us a model of believing person. In Mary's faith there are three main parts: 1. She received and believed the message of God's Word, 2. She kept the Word in her heart, 3. She constantly pondered/examined in her heart all that she had heard and seen, and she understood with the help of faith. Our Lord Jesus Christ was the new Adam (1 Cor. 15:47). Our Lord's mother, the Virgin Mary, is like a new Eve. Whereas the Fall happened through Eve's unbelief, through Mary's faith the atonement for our sins began. Conclusion Faith is such a great gift that it is many times more than that which we can understand. We cannot with reason comprehend perfect bliss in eternal life. Nonetheless we can possess this treasure already here and now—by faith, due to the merits of Christ. Abraham did not need to sacrifice his own son on Mount Moriah. But God had to sacrifice His own only Son. He place His own Son upon the wooden cross on Golgotha, or the same Mount Moriah. We can never understand this with our reason. But we can believe. We can believe that we have in the sacrifice of God's only Son, in Jesus' name and blood, the forgiveness of our sins, everlasting life, and salvation.

George Koivukangas | 2012 December Voice of Zion Advent—a Time of Preparing This time of year leading up to Christmas is a special season for young and old. It is a time of preparing for Christmas. What Is Most Important? Do we place too much emphasis on the externals? Has the material preparation become too important? On one hand, the planning, the shopping, and the gifts have become part of our tradition. Is not the inward preparation and celebration of the true meaning of Christmas most important? In many homes the busyness of life seems to swirl around us. It often causes weariness. The psalm writer reminds us of God’s counsel, “Be still, and know that I am God” (Ps. 46:10). It is good for us in quietness and stillness to reflect on God’s grace and blessing. Let us try to make time to speak of the true meaning of Christmas in our homes. Christ’s Grace and Forgiveness This little Christ Child was born for you and me, and for all people. May He dwell forever in the manger of our hearts. Jesus went on to prepare the way of salvation for sin-fallen mankind. Through His precious merit-work we have become heaven acceptable. Jesus willingly takes our sins upon himself and presents us His grace and forgiveness as the most precious gift. During the four weeks of Advent we are reminded how Jesus comes in humility and great glory. He came to save mankind from sin, Satan, and death. During the final Advent Sunday is the exhortation, “The birth of the Lord is nigh.” It reminds us of that eternal Christmas that is before us. We are secure here in God’s kingdom. Our Lord Jesus has prepared everything for us. The gospel carries us and is our strength on this journey as we await the coming of our Lord. May God bless you and your loved ones during this time of the Christmas celebration, and always. George Koivukangas Questions: 1. In what ways do you prepare for Christmas? 2. During the four weeks of Advent, how can we prepare in a way that reminds us how Jesus comes in humility and great glory? 3. Read the words of SHZ #3, “O Bride, Rejoice and Sing.” Discuss them, and then sing the song together. 4. See related Advent material in this issue—Advent Reading List, The Sabbath Word 1 and 3, A Featured Hymn, etc. An Advent Reading List First Advent Sunday: Your King Comes in Humility Ps. 24:7–10 Isa. 62:10–12 Rom. 13:11–14 Matt. 21:1–9 Second Advent Sunday: Your King Comes in Glory Ps. 80:14–19 Hos. 2:18–20 1 Pet. 1:13–17; Luke 21:25–33(34–36) Third Advent Sunday: Prepare the Way for the King Ps. 85:8–13 Jer. 3:21–25 1 Cor. 4:1–5 Matt. 11:2–10 Fourth Advent Sunday: The birth of the Lord Is Nigh Ps. 130:5–8 Zeph. 3:14–17 Phil. 4:4–7 Matt. 1:18–24 December 2012 Voice of Zion

| 2012 November Voice of Zion Accepting Children as Gifts from God The holy bible begins with the words: “In the beginning God created…” Everything that exists has originated with Him. As John says, “All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.” God made all things by the power of His Word (John 1:3). In His Word, God has revealed himself to be a loving Father who is good to all, who has mercy on all His creation, is righteous in all His ways, and holy in all His works (Ps. 145:9,15–18). He is both the giver and sustainer of all life. Man is not able to create anything from nothing, let alone the miracle that is life. The power of God is beyond comprehension. Recognition that God is the sole giver of life, that He has made us in His image, and that He has paid a great price for our redemption kindles respect for life and its sanctity. The Increase of Knowledge Science and technology have advanced at an accelerating pace. The fields of medicine and biotechnology bring new treatments, new therapies, and new possibilities. Advances in these fields in particular also bring us face to face with new and sometimes difficult moral and ethical questions. Science and technology however do not provide the moral framework or the values required to guide their use. In the modern world, many have rejected or perhaps simply drifted away from the Bible’s teaching that God is Creator, the giver of life. Respect for life and the sanctity of life has diminished as a result. This has led to widespread use of birth control and the legalization and use of abortion. Birth Control The prevention of conception, or birth control, is contrary to God’s Word and good conscience. It contradicts the teachings of God’s Word with regard to both creation and marriage. The biblical doctrine of creation is crystallized in the First Article of the Creed: “I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth.” Luther explains the meaning of this article thusly: “I believe that God has made me and all other creatures; that He has given and still preserves to me my body and soul, eyes, ears, and all my members, my reason and all my senses” (Luther’s Small Catechism). When we believe this, is it not also true that God continues to create new life, the lives of our children and all children? Thus while science sees new life as a product of evolution, faith sees all children as God’s creation. While science sees the conception of life, and the unique individual that it gives birth to, as the random and arbitrary outcome that occurs when the seed of man and woman are joined in the mother’s womb, faith sees conception as the continuation of God’s creation work. It is His plan and His work. The Old Testament examples of Rachel, Hannah, and Ruth all show that it is God who gives conception and the fruit of the womb (Gen. 29:30–30:2, 6; 1 Sam. 1:5,19,20). Of Ruth is said, “So Boaz took Ruth, and she was his wife: and when he went in unto her, the Lord gave her conception, and she bare a son” (Ruth 4:13). One of the primary purposes of marriage is procreation. God created man, male and female, and then commanded them to “be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth” (Gen. 1:27,28). Luther says that this is “more than a command, namely a divine ordinance which it is not our prerogative to hinder or ignore” (Martin Luther, The Estate of Marriage 1522). Despite God’s command or ordinance, birth control is widely practiced. People defend their disobedience with a variety of reasons including the psychological and physical burdens of raising children, economics, pursuit of an education or a career, concerns about overpopulation, etc. These arguments reflect man’s battle of reason against faith and are often rooted in unbelief and selfishness. Believing husbands and wives know these arguments well. The threefold enemy frequently tempts us with them. We wish, however, to cast aside these arguments as well “and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God,” and bring “into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ” (2 Cor. 10:5). Abstinence and Birth Control Marriage has a purpose in addition to procreation, namely, the avoidance of fornication. The desire that resides in us as a result of God’s creation work and the command to be fruitful and multiply is strong and few are able to resist it. Thus the Apostle Paul writes, “Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband” (1 Cor. 7:2). In the same context Paul, while permitting abstinence in marriage for the purpose of prayer and fasting, warns that it must be only by mutual consent and only for a short time in order to avoid sin. Paul warns both husband and wife not to de­­fraud one another of the “benevolence” each is due. Sexual life is also an expression of love intended to strengthen the psychological and emotional bonds that are a part of two becoming one flesh. Paul, while cautiously allowing abstinence, does not here either encourage or give license to use abstinence as means to limit the number of our children or otherwise practice family planning. Difficult Situations and Abortion Pregnancy and childbirth always entail some degree of risk for a mother. On occasion there are also health and medical issues that may substantially increase those risks. In such circumstances a couple may face painfully difficult questions caused by the conflict between God’s command to be fruitful and multiply and their own concern for the mother’s life. Her life, too, is God’s gift and undeniably precious. In the face of such difficult issues, we feel our smallness and inadequacy. Even in difficult situations, however, God’s children do not wish to abandon the perspective of faith for the perspective of science and reason. It does not mean that believing fathers and mothers do not take medical information and advice into account, but rather that they strive to consider it in the light of God’s Word, faith, and conscience so that they might hold “the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience” (1 Tim. 3:9). God’s Word teaches us that “the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom: and the knowledge of the holy is understanding” (Prov. 9:10). Thus faced with these kinds of difficult questions, we humbly pray for God’s guidance, turn to His Word, and seek counsel and support from God’s congregation, which Paul calls the “pillar and ground of the truth” (1 Tim. 3:15). In the end, however, each must decide according to his or her own conscience. Paul, in his Letter to the Romans, writing about matters of conscience, teaches that he who acts contrary to his conscience and in this way doubts is damned, “for whatsoever is not of faith is sin” (Rom. 14:23). Luther too said, “It is neither safe nor rightto act against conscience” (Martin Luther, The Diet of Worms). Once life has been conceived, we wish to do all that we can to protect it. Thus abortion, which is the destruction of a life that God has created and which is His image, is not an option. It is sin. If the life of a mother is threatened by illness or injury during pregnancy, we want to see to it that everything that is medically possible is done to save the life of both mother and child. God has given both lives. Both lives are precious and both lives are in God’s hands, the hands of Lord over life and death. Birth control and abortion further the decay of marriage and sexual morality in our society as well. These have significant consequences, not only with regard to eternal life, but also for temporal life and especially for children. To observe the birth of a child is a humbling experience; to observe death, whether that of a child still in the womb, at childbirth, or at the end of a long life is an even more humbling experience. We say with the psalmist, “When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?” (Ps. 8:3, 4). God has promised to be with us in times of trial and temptation. He is our faithful help and support. Paul says, “There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it” (1 Cor. 10:13). Adapted from God Is Lord over Life and Death presented by Jon Bloomquist at the LLC Ministers & Board Members Meeting, Rogers, Minn., 7.2.2010 Discussion: Read the following Bible passages. Gen. 1:27,28; Ps. 127:3–5; Isa. 44:24; Jer. 1:4,5; Ps. 139:13–17. How do they relate to the understanding of believers regarding children as God’s creation and gifts? November 2012 Voice of Zion